March 2000

Women in Motion
Newsletter

enhancing female performance

Vol 1. Issue 8
March 2000


WOMEN IN MOTION NEWSLETTER - March 2000
Vol. 1, No. 8

This Month Contains:

~Articles
Pain and the Runner

~From Around the 'Net
1.
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
2.
CHEW THAT GUM
3.
STRESS AND EXERCISE
4.
EXERCISING WITH A FRIEND
5. HOLD THAT SNACK

6. ALLERGIES INDUCED BY THE HIGHWAY
7.
INJURY CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME

~Words of Inspiration
~The Running Woman Board

-The Runner's Club


Pain and the Runner 

Three Common Causes

by -Robert Raines, M.D.
Lone Star Orthopaedics
Cincinnati, Ohio



Pain in the heel and achilles tendon area is the most common musculoskeletal complaint of distance runners.  Heel pain can afflict any runner, from those who jog occasionally to elite marathonersworld class runners.  As in all medical conditions, the key to a successful outcome relies upon the correct diagnosis.  In this article I will outline the causes, symptoms and treatment for the three most common causes of heel pain in runners: plantar fasciitis, achilles tendinitis, and heel stress fractures.

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in runners and non-runners.  Plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory reaction to small tears of a large tendon-like structure on the bottom of your foot.  These tears are believed to be caused by a combination of a tight achilles tendon and plantar fascia tendon in the face of repetitive loading.  This inflammatory process results in the tell-tale symptoms of plantar fasciitis:  sharp pain that originates on the bottom of the heel that is most severe after a long period of rest (typically the first few steps in the morning or after long car rides or movies.) This area may be slightly swollen and red, but is always tender to touch. When it comes to treating plantar fasciitis, the news is both good and bad.  The good news is that it can almost always be cured without surgery(over 95% in one study); the bad news is that complete resolution of the symptoms may take 1 year. As for running, let pain be your guide. If it hurts, stop.  I prescribe a 5-step program for my patients that I have never seen fail in those patients who follow the rules. The steps are:

1. Achilles tendon stretches: the cornerstone of treatment, this must be performed for two to three minutes at least 5 times daily and should endure even after resolution of pain.  Healthy feet depend upon a well-stretched achilles tendon

2. Plantar fascia stretches: this should be done for 10 minutes before getting out of bed.  Place a towel around the bottom of your foot and gently pull your toes and forefoot towards you with your knee straight

3. Icing of the heel:  icing for 10 minutes before bed will reduce you swelling and pain.  You need only do this for 2-3 weeks until most of the swelling recedes

4. No barefoot walking: your heels need cushioning to reduce pressure. Keep slippers by your bedside and don't walk without well-padded shoes

5. Heel cups: I prefer over-the-counter silicone heel cups.  They are inexpensive, portable from shoe to shoe, and provide the cushioning your heel needs.

Most importantly, remember that throughout the process you will have good and bad days.  Monitor your progress monthly, not daily.  Also, most of your relief will come after the 3rd month of treatment.  Don't be impatient.  Follow the program.

Achilles Tendinitis is the second most common cause of heel pain in runners.  The cause of achilles tendinitis is thought to be similar to plantar fasciitis:  an overtight achilles tendon in the face of high repetition activity.  As the tendon begins to wear, inflammation develops which leads to pain with activity, redness, tenderness to touch and often a swollen knot in or around the achilles tendon.  One of the best ways todiscriminate achilles tendinitis from other forms of heel pain is its location: on the back of the heel (never on the bottom of the heel) where the achilles tendon inserts into the heel bone. The most important factor in treating achilles tendinitis is to control the inflammation.  The inflammation significantly weakens the tendon, and in chronic cases can predispose the patient to an achilles tendon rupture (where the tendon rips off the heel bone completely.)  This is a devastating injury that will require surgery and may permanently hamper your ability to run.  Therefore, I treat patients with tenderness, redness, swelling, and pain that causes a limp in a short leg walking cast for 4-8 weeks.  Once the inflammation is reduced, I start them on a devoted achilles tendon stretching program and give them a heel lift.  If the inflammation is moderate, I prescribe a removable walking boot for a month then stretching.  Mild tendinitis is treated with icing, a heel lift and achilles tendon stretches until the pain resolves.  Chronic cases recalcitrant to casting may require surgery.

A Heel Bone (Calcaneus) Stress Fracture is less common than those above, but can afflict runners and other athletes who perform repetitive weight-bearing activities.  These injuries affect women overwhelmingly but can occasionally occur in men.  Women of all ages are susceptible. Generally, the pain develops during periods of increasing mileage.  The pain is a deep soreness that is relieved by rest.  Unlike plantar
fasciitis, it is unusually with the first steps in the morning. The sine qua non of the diagnosis is pain on the sides of the heel bone, not on bottom (plantar fasciitis) or back of the heel (achilles tendinits.)
Swelling and redness are rare. Calcaneal stress fractures are treated in a removable walking boot for 4-6 weeks.  No weightbearing exercise is allowed during this time. Activities are resumed when running causes no heel pain.  Unfortunately, stress fractures can recur.

Most runners will experience heel pain at least once in their lives.  A prompt diagnosis and correct treatment will relieve the pain in nearly all runners non-operatively.  Prevent the problem before it occurs:  train wisely, increase mileage gradually, and stretch your achilles tendon daily.


FROM AROUND THE 'NET  

1. CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
        
If you are tired and the fatigue lasts more than six months, you may have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). This is characterized by fatigue, in association with other systemic symptoms, causes a change in your ability to function.
Young women are more affected by CFS. Though the cause is unknown, it is thought that there may be a virus or environmental connection to the condition. Symptoms include:
 -Fatigue
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle aches/pains
- Joint pain
- Forgetfulness
- Sore throat
- Swollen glands in throat or underarm
- Inability to concentrate
- Mood swings
- Low-grade fever
- Depression
- Headaches
- Sleep disturbances
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath

 Treatment includes moderate exercise, healthy diet, and stress reduction. Antidepressants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications may help control the symptoms. 
If you feel you are experiencing severe fatigue, see your health care professional.
For additional information, contact the American Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome at 
http://www.aacfs.org
or the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease at
http://www.niaid.nih.gov


 
2. CHEW THAT GUM


 
You can chew off calories: Chewing on some gum burns an extra 11 calories
per hour, according to a recent study. Add that up over an 8-hour workday
and you've burned an extra 88 calories, just shy of the amount you would
burn if you added an extra mile to your run.


3. STRESS AND EXERCISE
 

Whether it is postive or negative stress, your body responds physically in the same manner. The body's natural protective technique to handle a stressor is to use the "fight or flight" syndrome. As soon as a stressor occurs, adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands. Your body has moved into the fight or flight mode. Adrenaline gives you energy to perform physical acts. The amount of adrenaline released depends on the intensity of the stressor and your previous experience with the stressor. 
The body's functions begin to change. Blood circulation increases, sending more nutrients to your brain, lungs, and muscles. Muscles are strengthened to respond to the fight or flight syndrome. Breathing becomes more rapid to give you more oxygen. Your senses become sharper, making you more alert. You are ready to respond.
A stress reaction to an event affects the body's tendency to maintain a steady state (for example, maintaining body temperature or blood sugar levels). Our bodies require a balanced state to function smoothly.
Your first approach to coping with distress is to get some temporary relief. Exercise is a good way to burn off the adrenaline that is preparing you to flee the situation or to fight back. This allows your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate to return to normal following the exercise. It also helps you to deal with your emotions and to respond to the situation rather than react to it.
Many people work off the tension of daily problems with a brisk walk, a run around the park, a dozen laps in the pool, or an aerobic dance class. Regular exercise can strengthen the body's systems, such as the cardiorespiratory system, that are affected by stress. Vigorous exercise can elevate the level of endorphins in the blood, giving feelings of well-being. Exercise can also reduce the uncomfortable feelings of stress, such as muscle tension and anxiety.

4. EXERCISING WITH A FRIEND

Exercise can be lonely, but it is essential for a healthy mind, body, and spirit. Getting up early on a cold winter morning to go to the gym
or for a three-mile run can be difficult, but if you have an exercise partner this can become a social connection. The effect of having a partner can help you going through the low motivational moments.
Exercise partners add accountability to exercise via providing peer pressure to show up for a scheduled run. Also having an experienced partner may provide the knowledge, encouragement, and consistency needed to keep going. A partner may also provide a way for you to improve your fitness level and may push you to work harder to develop your personal fitness. 

5. HOLD THAT SNACK


Eat when you're hungry: In a study done by researchers in Bobigny, France, indicated that a group of men who had an afternoon snack ate no less at dinner than when they didn't have the snack. The researchers suggest that eating when you are not hungry fmay flood your system with insulin to reduce excess blood sugar. Thus, you end up using blood sugar just as fast as if you'd never had the snack, and you end up just as hungry at dinner time. A lose - lose situation


6. ALLERGIES INDUCED BY THE HIGHWAY

Traffic speeding by on the highway, stirs up dust, which at certain times of year, contains plant pollens and molds, according to a study done at the California  Institute of Technology. So if you suffer from the symptoms of hay fever or asthma, you'll notice much more sneezing and wheezing when you're running near a busy highway than along a grassy meadow.

7. INJURY

Put your injury on ice If you've ever been through the injury mill as a runner, you're probably familiar with the RICE method of injury recovery: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
You can't go wrong in applying ice to a sore muscle or knee, particularly if there's swelling involved.  Be more careful about applying heat, only doing this with a doctor's advice.


Words of Inspiration

"I run because I enjoy it --not always, but most of the time.
I run because I have always run--not trained , but run."

-Amby Burfoot, marathoner


The Running Woman Message Board in Diet and Fitness

I just finished checking through some of the old archived posts and discovered that on February 25, 1999, cl-winmotion signed on as the Community Leader for the Running Woman Message Board. There was an anniversary and I missed it!

There have been a lot of changes in the past 12 months, and I am proud to be there as they have occurred. Back then we archived every six weeks and now it happens every 1-2 weeks. Many more posts on the board and many more members to welcome. What I have learned in the past 12 months is that it is difficult to post helpful information. Give too much information and people get confused. Give too little information and you can easily be misinterpeted. The trick is to give just the right amount. I'm still learning.

The demise of the Running Board in allhealth was reported a short time ago. Well, as of this month, the Walking Board in allhealth has folded. It seems that Diet and Fitness has the only two boards that deal with running and walking. Thanks to all of you for making both of them successes.

The Runner's Club has been started and the first one has almost 200 members as of March 1st. The second club has just over 100 members. It was started to catch the overflow and then I went back and increased the membership base from 50 to 400 members. How it develops depends on the membership. The best part of it that I see right now is the ability for members to set up chat times.

Good Luck and Good Running

Gord - Women in Motion


About This Newsletter

A reminder that experts - we are not. Information presented here is a collection of research with a taste of experience and opinion added for flavour. We don't get upset if someone disagrees with anything that has been said or written. In our experience with running groups here at home, it is difficult to get agreement on most anything. If it works for you, then it works.

Neither Women in Motion nor the author of this newsletter provides professional medical advice. The information in this tip is intended to help you better understand running issues. It is not intended to replace the advice of a physician. If you read something in the newsletter that contradicts what your physician tells you in any way, always follow your physician's advice.

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If you have any suggestions for topics or questions please email us. We would like to publish a monthly newsletter that reflects the interests of the female runner.

Gordon Samson, Editor
Women in Motion


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Practice doesn't make perfect, perfect practice makes perfect.
-Fariyal Samson, B.PE, B.Ed
©Women in Motion -March 2.2000